The complexity of the challenges and opportunities of climate change in the context of socio-ecological transformation in Africa can be diagrammatically represented I the anthropogenic (human-induced factors) space (Figure 1). This human-induced relationship can enhance or limit progress towards the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). The nexus aptly shows the challenges to socio-ecological transformation as increased climate which poses as obstacles to development while the opportunities of climate change and socio-ecological transformation are typified as reduced climate with implications for contribution to development.

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